TO부정사
먼저 준동사인 to 부정사를 공부하기 전에 동사의 기본을 알아야 합니다.
I go to school. [ 1형식 동사 : 주어 + 완전자동사 ] -> 즉 뒤에 전명구로 동사 하나만 있어도 문장자체가 완벽한 의미
I love you. [ 3형식 동사 : 주어 + 불완전타동사 + 목적어 ] -> 반드시 뒤에 대상, 목적이 나와야 합니다.
이처럼 to do
R 동사의 원형의 문장이 왔을때 동사의 형식에 따라 문장이 완성되어야 합니다.
TO부정사는
동사 + 명사 적 성질
동사 + 형용사 성질
동사 + 부사 성질
3가지를 가지고 있습니다.
1) 시제에는 단순시제, 완료시제 두가지만 있습니다.
2) 준동사의 부정 : 부정어(not, never) + 준동사
(1) 명사적 용법 [ 명사는 주어, 목적어, 보어의 역할을 하고 있습니다 ]
1) 주어 : To see is to believe. [ 확실히 보는것이 믿는것이다 -> 백문이 불여일견 ]
2) 목적어 : I want to know answer.
-to 부정사를 목적어로 갖는 동사
: want, wish, hope, plan, decide, determine, pretend, refuse
EX) They wish to limit the power of the State.
We hope to arrive around 2.
They plan to arrive some time after 3.
Why I decide to live alone?
people determine to skip dinner.
If I pretend to dislike him, it will be dishonest of me.
He couldn't refuse to help her.
3) 보어 : To live like this is to enjoy life.
(2) 형용사적 용법 [ 형용사는 1) 명사수식 2) 보어 ]
1)명사수식 : He is not a man to betray us. 그는 우리를 배신할 사람이 아니다. [a man이라는 명사 수식]
2) 보어 용법 ( be to 용법 )
a. 예정 : We are to meet him here.
b. 의도 : If we are to remain friends, you must speak out. [ if가 나오면 대부분 의도로 생략됩니다 ]
c. 가능 : Nothing was to be seen. [ 대부분 부정어 , can의 의미 ]
d. 의무 : You are to start at once. [ =should]
e. 운명 : The poet was to die young. [ meet이나 die같은 동사랑 어울림 ]
(3) 부사적 용법 [ 부사는 동사수식, 형용사수식, 자기말고 다른 부사수식, 문장전체수식의 기능 ]
1) 부사수식 : She is old enough to go to school. [ 그녀는 학교에 가기에 충분히 나이들었다]
2) 형용사 수식 : English is hard to learn.
3) 결과 : He grew up to be a doctor.
He worked so hard as to pass the exam.
4) 판단 : They must be crazy to believe such nonsense.
5) 원인 : I'm very sorry to interrupt you.
6) 조건 : I would be glad to see you.
7 목적 : We eat ( in order ) to live, not live ( in order) to eat.
We came here (so as ) to meet him.
TO 부정사의 시제 [ 단순시제, 완료시제 ]
1) 단순시제 : 주절과 종속절의 시제가 같을때
ex) He seems to be ill. = It seems that he is ill.
He seemed to be ill. = It seemed that he was ill.
2) 완료시제 : 종속절의 시제가 주절보다 한시제 앞설 때
ex) He seems to have been ill = It seems that he was ill.
He seemed to have been ill. = It seemed that he had been ill.
TO 부정사의 부정 : 부정사 앞에 not, never
ex) I asked her to go to church. <-> I asked her not to go to church.
You had better go home < - > You had better not go home.
TO 부정사의 의미상 주어 : for + 목적격
ex ) It is difficult for me to study French.
* 인간의 성질을 나타내는 형용사와 쓰이면 of + 목적격
ex ) It is very kind of you to say so.
kind, honest, good, nice, wise, rude 등등
TO 부정사를 목적격 보어로 취하는 동사
Encourge A to do
Expect A to do
invite A to do
ask A to do
require A to do
convince A to do
allow A to do
permit A to do
advise A to do
ex) He asked his employees to work a couple of hours of overtime.
Be + 형용사 + to부정사 표현
Be able to do
Be eligible to do
Be ready to do
Be reluctant to do
Be difficult to do
Be anxious to do
Be due to do
Be likely to do
Be willing to do
Be easy to do
Be eager to do
ex) The engineers were able to determine exacly whic part of the bridge caused the entire structure to collapse.